A system is an ordinary arrangement of it's components. The different components of a system work within a boundary. Boundary establishes the limits of a system, separating the system from other systems. All the sub systems of the main system work within this boundary to achieve the pre determined objectives.
The components that make up any system work within a system boundary. It separates the system from it's environment.
Everything outside the system's boundary is it's environment. The environment is the source of external elements affecting the system and it also determines how the system must function. For example, the environment of an education system consists of the legislature, guidelines, funding agencies, prospective students and news media. The environment of a business organization compromises the vendors, competitors, rules and regulations of the country in which it is functioning and the prospective customers. A system has to interact and exchange data, information etc. with it's environment.
A system takes input from it's environment in order to function and returns output to it's environment as a result of it's functioning. For example, our body system takes in food, oxygen and water as input and gives energy as output.
Elements of a system
A simple way of looking at a system is:
1. Input
2. Process
3. Output
A system's objectives are expressed in terms of the outputs it needs to produce. It feeds inputs, which are processed to generate the outputs.
The input are the data, i.e raw facts which are processed while the output i.e information are the outcome of the process. In addition to the above components, two more components play an important role. These are:
1. Control
2. Feedback
Control:
A system is guided by the control which means each system should have the element control, which makes the system to operate within tolerable performance levels. For example the normal temperature of the human body is 98.5 degrees Fahrenheit. When there is a slight deviation in this temperature there is imbalance in the health condition. If this is a continuous phenomenon there is possibility of risk to life.
The above example demonstrates the importance of control in a health system. The acceptable levels of performance are called standards against which the actual performances are to be compared.
Control of the system is the decision maker that controls the activities of accepting input, processing and producing the output.
Feedback:
Feedback is information on how well a system is performing and it is essential for systems modifications.
System may use feedback for control. Th information generated by comparing results with acceptable level of performance (standard) and informing the control elements of the difference is termed as feedback.
Every system uses a basic control model consisting of:
1. A standard for acceptable performance.
2. A method of measuring actual performance.
3. A means for comparing actual performance against standard.
4. A method for feedback.
In feedback control, the output is fed back to input and/or to the control. The feeding back of he output allows it to be measured against some standards and making adjustments in the processing accordingly.
The components that make up any system work within a system boundary. It separates the system from it's environment.
Everything outside the system's boundary is it's environment. The environment is the source of external elements affecting the system and it also determines how the system must function. For example, the environment of an education system consists of the legislature, guidelines, funding agencies, prospective students and news media. The environment of a business organization compromises the vendors, competitors, rules and regulations of the country in which it is functioning and the prospective customers. A system has to interact and exchange data, information etc. with it's environment.
A system takes input from it's environment in order to function and returns output to it's environment as a result of it's functioning. For example, our body system takes in food, oxygen and water as input and gives energy as output.
Elements of a system
A simple way of looking at a system is:
1. Input
2. Process
3. Output
A system's objectives are expressed in terms of the outputs it needs to produce. It feeds inputs, which are processed to generate the outputs.
The input are the data, i.e raw facts which are processed while the output i.e information are the outcome of the process. In addition to the above components, two more components play an important role. These are:
1. Control
2. Feedback
Control:
A system is guided by the control which means each system should have the element control, which makes the system to operate within tolerable performance levels. For example the normal temperature of the human body is 98.5 degrees Fahrenheit. When there is a slight deviation in this temperature there is imbalance in the health condition. If this is a continuous phenomenon there is possibility of risk to life.
The above example demonstrates the importance of control in a health system. The acceptable levels of performance are called standards against which the actual performances are to be compared.
Control of the system is the decision maker that controls the activities of accepting input, processing and producing the output.
Feedback:
Feedback is information on how well a system is performing and it is essential for systems modifications.
System may use feedback for control. Th information generated by comparing results with acceptable level of performance (standard) and informing the control elements of the difference is termed as feedback.
Every system uses a basic control model consisting of:
1. A standard for acceptable performance.
2. A method of measuring actual performance.
3. A means for comparing actual performance against standard.
4. A method for feedback.
In feedback control, the output is fed back to input and/or to the control. The feeding back of he output allows it to be measured against some standards and making adjustments in the processing accordingly.
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